نشریه حکمرانی و توسعه
سال سوم شماره 1 (بهار 1402)

Automotive industry of Iran has a critical situation and a vague future. Although privatization policy has been followed for years as a way to solve it's problems, after some decades of devolution, the navigator still is the state. The government's way to maintain and managed Iran Khodro and Saipa boards with a very small share, was and still is a permanent dispute between experts and the state. The Purpose of this research is to evaluate the implementation of privatization policy. The study also is an attempt to present a framework for evaluating the implementation of privatization policy in the automotive industry. In addition to that, it tries to offer practical policy recommendations for successful implementation.Exploratory research with qualitative approach has been used. It has led to the extraction of themes by thematic analysis method and application of MAXQDA software. The data are obtained from 12 interviews with experts and relevant senior managers. The scope of this research is Iran Khodro company in the period 2009 to 2022.  The interviews were conducted and continued until theoretical saturation. The findings include 498 codes which are categorized in 33 basic themes, 10 organizing themes and 3 Comperhensive, general themes. The themes of lack of institutional capacity, beside the dependence of government and also self-share holder phenomenon are the most vulnerable points. Finally The thematic network has extracted from themes. The results showed two major deviations. First, due to the lack of institutional capacity, by self-share holder, and devolution to public organization instead private sector, the lost share has returned to the government. Second, by devolution shares to the banks-which is illegal- and led their shares by the state through branch manager. Therefore, after three decades of devolution, the board is take over by the government. So, there was no effective role for the private sector. In other words, devolution has implemented in rare and unique way, so that the government has deprived any change in the board. Also the results showed the superiority of obstacles to the drivers and also showed the gap between the objectives of the policy makers and the current situation. Therefore, it is necessary, before it becomes too late, by cutting the dependence of the public and creating appropriate space in the shadow of all sides of the top organizations and pressure groups, it is necessary to take action in accordance with the legislator 's goals..

One of the most important tasks of educational governance is the timely review of educational systems and processes, especially in the field of higher education. It seems that the opportunity and experiences gained during the Covid-19 pandemic have intensified this process. Based on this, designing and implementing educational activities in the most desirable ways is a serious tool for an effective and efficient educational system in the country. For this purpose, the purpose of this study is to examine the lived experience of Tehran University management students from virtual education during the corona virus epidemic and to provide solutions to improve the way of education. The method used in this qualitative research is phenomenological analysis. Using phenomenological analysis, it is possible to understand how the target society understands the world around them and what the specific experiences mean for them. The statistical population in this research includes those management students of Tehran University who had a history of participating in offline and virtual classes at the same time as the spread of the corona virus in the university. The researchers of this research have reached theoretical saturation by conducting 29 interviews. The findings of Haaz's research show that offline and virtual classes have both advantages and disadvantages, which are discussed separately. Finally, the results of this research, by analyzing the content of research data, provide a mixed model for virtual and face-to-face training.

In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in organizational resilience by students and management professionals. However, research in this emerging field is sparse and there is no comprehensive and ambient model to examine the factors affecting organizational resilience. This study, by thoroughly reviewing current research on organizational resilience using a meta-synthesis qualitative research method, proposes an integrated dynamic model for the study of organizational resilience and identifies the key factors constituting organizational resilience. A thorough analysis of current organizational resilience research shows that existing studies on organizational resilience, considering organizational resilience as a state rather than a dynamic capability, have largely focused on separate dimensions. This paper proposes a model that takes into account all the concepts presented in the definitions and international standards, as well as variables and factors affecting resilience, which should be weighted based on the type of organization, type of service and some contextual parameters, and specify how to measure them. The research data were collected from qualitative analysis of the studied documents, and for qualitative analysis of the documents, the seven-step method of Sandelowski and Barroso hybrid was used. Finally, 3 categories, 11 concepts and 31 codes related to organizational resilience were identified.

In recent years, dealing with environmental degradation has been raised as a concern for developed and developing countries around the world. Human capital, economic growth and natural resources are all effective factors in sustainable development and are closely related to the ecological footprint. The ecological footprint shows the human pressure on the environment and it compares the biosphere regeneration capacity with human consumption. As a result, in order to maintain the ecological footprint and sustainable development in Iran, it is necessary for human capital and economic growth to be effective and parallel to the development of natural resources. In this article, using the ecological footprint as an indicator of environmental degradation, the effect of economic growth, human capital, and natural resources on the ecological footprint for the period of 1988-2021 in Iran has been investigated using the ARDL method. The results of the study have shown that there is a negative relationship between economic growth and the variable of human capital on ecological footprint in the short term, and in the long term, human capital has become positive, and there is a positive relationship between natural resources and ecological footprint in the short term and long term. The conclusions show that human capital, economic growth and natural resources have a direct impact on the ecological footprint in Iran. With the increase of human capital, the production and economic capabilities of the country are improved, and if the ecological footprint is observed, it is also possible to preserve the natural resources of the society. But if only economic growth is thought of and economic activity is carried out without considering the ecological footprint, it can lead to risks to the environment and natural resources. Therefore, considering that human capital, economic growth and natural resources are interdependent with the ecological footprint in Iran, it is better to strengthen the coordination and cooperation between the government, industry and society in order to balance economic development and environmental protection.

Organizational governance is necessary to create change and reform the structure of today's knowledge-based organizations, so the purpose of this research is to present the conceptual framework of organizational governance. This applied research was done with documentary and meta-synthesis method. Sandelowski and Barroso's seven-step meta-synthesis method has been used for data analysis. A total of 41 sources were selected for the final meta-synthesis, from which 170 codes, 18 concepts and 3 categories were extracted and analyzed using Excel 2016 statistical software. The findings showed that the components of human resources (communication, social capital, intellectual capital, empowerment and trust building), governance structure (leadership, management, accountability, transparency, legality, justice-oriented and participation) search) and organizational structure (strategy, organization administration, technology, organizational learning, culture and performance) are effective in organizational governance, also all components have a mutual and two-way relationship with each other. According to the conceptual framework obtained in this research for organizational governance, it seems that the development and reinforcement of governance dimensions in organizations according to these components and indicators is effective in good organizational governance.

Teaching is a precious and a stressful job at the same time. With long working hours and heavy workload, teachers easily fall prey to burnout and reduce the effectiveness and quality of education; The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of transformational leadership in reducing teacher burnout. Based on the objective, the current research is an applied research, and in terms of the method of collecting information, it is descriptive and survey type, and considering the relationship between variables, it is a causal-correlation research. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data; The statistical population of the research was 150 primary teachers in Paveh city and according to Cochran's formula, the sample size was selected 98 people. Data analysis was done using SPSS and AMOS software. According to the results of the hypothesis test, it can be claimed that all the hypotheses except the transformational leadership effectiveness on job burnout through anxiety hypothesis, were accepted at the confidence level of 95%. At the end of the article, some suggestions for reducing job burnout were presented to education managers.